![]() The Comanche became the first Plains people to make extensive use of horses, and by 1750 their men, women, and children were excellent riders. Horses transformed the lifestyle of these wanderers, who had always hunted on foot. Sometime before 1705 they acquired horses from their Ute (see entry) neighbors, who had gotten the animals from the Spanish in Mexico. They migrated south from the mountains of Wyoming and Montana onto the Great Plains. The Comanche separated from their relatives, the Shoshone (see entry), in the late 1600s. ![]() ![]() They were cunning fighters who learned how their enemies thought, and they added to their population base by adopting captured prisoners into the tribe. Comanche resistance is largely responsible for slowing the settlement of the American West during the nineteenth century. military in a fierce defense of their lands. They also took on the Spanish, the American settlers, the Texas Rangers, and the U.S. Loosely organized into wandering groups of highly skilled horsemen and warriors, the Comanche fought with nearly every Plains tribe at one time or another. Often referred to as the “Lords of the Southern Plains,” the powerful Comanche tribe once controlled a vast expanse of territory known by the Spanish term Comanchería (“land of the Comanche”). They also fought the Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Cheyenne, and Arapaho, but eventually made peace with these tribes. They took over land occupied by other tribes including the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Crow, and Apache. The Comanche then separated from the Shoshone and migrated south from Wyoming and Montana along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. The Comanche were a branch of the Shoshone tribe until the 1600s. Of that number, 6,643 resided in Oklahoma (3,947 of them lived on the reservation). In 2000 the census reported 10,518 Comanche residing in the United States and a total of 21,852 people who had some Comanche heritage. Census, 11,267 people identified themselves as Comanche (170 identified themselves more specifically as Oklahoma Comanche). The population declined to 1,500 in 1900 as a result of wars and diseases. There were about twenty thousand Comanche at the height of their power in the early 1800s. The reservation is located 87 miles (140 kilometers) southwest of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in Lawton. In the early twenty-first century descendants of the Comanche share reservation lands with the Kiowa and Apache tribes. ![]() Later they roamed the southern Great Plains, including parts of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and Mexico. Locationīefore Europeans arrived the Comanche and Shoshone lived along the upper Platte River in eastern Wyoming. For example, the Kiowa called them Bodalk Inago or “snake men” and the Arapaho gave them the name Catha (“having many horses”). Many other tribes had names for the Comanche. The Comanche (pronounced cuh-MAN-chee) called themselves Numinu or Nemene (the word has various spellings), meaning “people.” Their name may have come from the Ute word for the tribe, Koh-Mahts, which means “those who are against us” or “those who want to fight us.” The Spanish called them Camino Ancho, meaning “wide trail.” They later altered the spelling to “Komantcia” and the Americans changed it to Comanche.
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![]() Integrated with other seawater systems for cleaning and cooling, Draugen’s water injection system on includes filtration, deoxidisation, pumping, sterilising and chemical treatment. This liquid has to be entirely free of harmful substances to avoid damaging the oil and gas resources. Injecting water to maintain reservoir pressure was necessary from the start. Work on preparing the rig for removal began on 10 April that year, and the last of 26 heavy lifts was completed on 10 May exactly a month later. The drilling equipment was integrated in the topsides, with the derrick movable so that it could be positioned over the relevant well slot. Draugen GBS Shaft Safety Study – Management report. Flacs software. Hentet fra DrillingĪchieving the output planned for the first year depended on being able to drill and produce oil in parallel through the single platform shaft. These utilised the flame acceleration simulator (Flacs) – a special computer programme developed at the research facility a few years earlier for several large international oil companies. To optimise the topsides design, Kværner Engineering and Shell commissioned special calculations from the Christian Michelsen Institute in Bergen. When the platform came on stream, the topsides had a dry weight of about 18 500 tonnes. That also made an important contribution to keeping weight down. Photo: A/S Norske Shell/Norwegian Petroleum Museum Dekket design og innhold, Modules to be placed in the shaft are being completed at Vats. Design of the Draugen Topsides for the Effects of Gas Explosions. Paper presentert på OTC 6477. In particular, the choice of an open truss construction and the use of floor gratings rather than deck plating reduced possible overpressures in the event of an explosion. Safety was a key factor from the very start in developing the platform concept, and the threat of explosion in its various areas came to have a big impact on the final solution. The derrick adds almost 50 metres more, and the total height from the bottom edge of the GBS skirts to the derrick tip was about 370 metres. ![]() With a footprint of 78 by 48 metres, including the external gangways, the topsides measure 32 metres in height from the top of the GBS shaft to the upper surface of the helideck. The integrated approach yielded a very compact topsides solution with an efficient relationship between weight and capacity. A Condeep monotower made it possible to retain the basic topsides configuration without a new round of design and planning work. Studies found that either a semi-submersible similar to a drilling rig or a tension-leg platform (TLP) would be the cheapest option.īut the final choice was determined by costs associated with operating and maintaining the support structure. ![]() Operator Norske Shell’s main alternatives up to a final decision on the plan for development and operation (PDO) of Draugen were the concrete monotower or a floating unit. Illustration: Norwegian Contractors/Norwegian Petroleum Museum The reservoirs lie at a depth of 1,600 metres and are known to be relatively homogeneous, with good reservoir quality.© Norsk Oljemuseum Dekket design og innhold, engelsk, NC's monotower concept. The western part of the field also produces from sandstone of Middle Jurassic age in the Garn Formation. The main reservoir is in sandstone of Late Jurassic age in the Rogn Formation. Draugen was discovered in 1984, and the plan for development and production (PDO) was approved in 1988. It produces oil from two formations. The water depth in the area is 250 metres. Two pipelines connect the facility to a floating loading-buoy. Stabilised oil is stored in tanks at the base of the facility. The field has been developed with a concrete fixed facility and integrated topside, and has both platform and subsea wells. Station keeping is maintained by an 8-line mooring system or by dynamic position mode maintained by 6 fixed pitch, variable speed thrusters (DP3).ĭraugen is a field in the southern part of the Norwegian Sea. This compact unit is designed for North Sea / Norwegian Sea and worldwide use in harsh environments. The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) has given OKEA consent to use COSL Promoter for permanent plug and abandonment of wells on the Draugen field.ĬOSLPromoter is a semi-submersible drilling rig designed to operate in water depths up to 750 metres. ![]() Hand signals are like an extra safety net, ensuring everyone on the road understands what’s happening. Why do motorcycle riders use hand signals? What does it mean when a motorcyclist gives you a thumbs up?Ī thumbs up can mean that the upcoming road is clear however, this signal does not have a universal meaning amongst motorcyclists. These include a nod, a traditional wave, a pointed finger, or even a palm-out a peace sign. Sometimes called the “biker wave,” riders can greet each other using a variety of hand signals. Whatever you decide to do, it’s best to acknowledge fellow bikers on the road instead of ignoring each other. Motorcylists occasionally greet each other in other ways as well, for example, with a nod or a wave. Pointing two fingers down is an easy way for bikers to say hi to one another. What does it mean when bikers point two fingers down? Most motorcycle hand signals are fairly intuitive, especially when combined with appropriate body language however, new riders without proper training may be confused upon first seeing them. When proper signaling is crucial to safety, like during large group rides or track days, important biker hand signals should be communicated during a pre-ride meeting. Read below to learn about or refresh yourself on the various hand signs bikers give each other on the road. For example, if your signal lights are damaged, or if you’re riding in a large group, communication between riders via hand signals is just as critical for staying safe as gear like biker jackets and g loves. Biker Hand SIGNALS You Need to KnowĪlthough motorcycle hand gestures are something that most riders learn as part of their motorcycle license exams, they are often forgotten and not used when needed. When proper signaling is crucial to safety, like during large group rides or track days, important biker hand signals should be communicated during a pre-ride meeting. ![]() Most motorcycle hand signals are fairly intuitive, especially when combined with appropriate body language however, new riders without proper training may be confused upon first seeing them. So, fasten your helmet, rev up your curiosity, and let’s dive into the riders’ fascinating language. Whether you’re making a turn, coming to a stop, or simply acknowledging a fellow rider, these hand signals play a vital role in ensuring everyone on the road stays safe and informed. You’re not alone other riders are alongside you, and communicating your intentions becomes paramount. Picture this: you’re cruising down the open road, the wind in your face, and the hum of your motorcycle beneath you. Welcome to the world of two-wheeled communication! We will delve into the realm of motorcycle hand signals. CFF fonts store glyph outlines as a series of PostScript drawing commands in a compact binary format.Let’s take a look at the technical details of these typefaces: ![]() They are known for their high-quality rendering.ĬFF (Compact Font Format) fonts are a part of the OpenType font format specification and are used to represent fonts in a compact manner. When used in OpenType font files, CFF fonts can achieve cross-platform compatibility. They may have compatibility issues with certain non-Adobe products or older hardware.Ĭan render characters with sharp detail and precision, even at small sizes. They are well integrated with the PostScript language, which is commonly used in professional printing and publishing workflows. May lack some of the advanced features found in more modern font formats. They are widely used in professional publishing, but they are less common in web typography in comparison to WOFF.ĬFF fonts support hinting, improving text rendering at small sizes. ProsĬFF fonts are really efficient in terms of file size, so they are good in environments where storage and bandwidth are concerns.ĬFF fonts can be more complex to create and manage in comparison to simpler font formats, which may lead to potential challenges for font designers and developers.īased on vector graphics, they can offer lossless scalability. The table below shows the pros and cons of CFF fonts, so you could decide whether to use it in your project or not. CFF fonts can include Unicode character encoding.They can also be used in OpenType font files as the CFF/Type 2 flavor. CFF fonts are closely associated with the PostScript page description language.These fonts support hinting, which is a technique used to improve font rendering at small sizes.They are based on vector graphics, giving them great scalability without losing quality or clarity.CFF fonts use a compact binary format, which reduces file sizes compared to other font formats.It helps optimize memory use and storage and maintains high-quality typographic rendering at the same time. It is a compact and efficient way to кутвук fonts in a digital format. The Compact Font Format (CFF) is a digital format primarily used in the Adobe PostScript printing and publishing workflow. Advantages and disadvantages of CFF font. ![]() Workaround: In this state, select the After Effects icon in the Dock to restore the After Effects menus.
Our tale proper begins with Alien Crush, a game I’d actually played quite a lot of on PC-Engine at this point, but had no idea of its lineage or influence, and as obvious as it may seem now, didn’t immediately make the link…Īlien Crush is a 1988 PC-Engine three-screen, Alien-inspired sci-fi pinball game by Japanese developer Compile, possibly better known now for their Puyo Puyo series. ![]() My love of pinball games might have started with Pinball Wizard on the VIC-20 (more here), but it ends with Demon’s Tilt!Īll that said, connoisseurs of nineties pinball games might have just felt the pang of familiarity that took me slightly longer to notice as I was dealing with my lower-right abdomen’s pangs of exploding! I got there eventually though, with a little help from some kind reviewers, who were starting me on an often obsessive journey, first making various stops on the PC-Engine, then ending by way of a couple more on the Sega Megadrive / Genesis. ![]() It looks and sounds insane, often veering into bullet-hell territory, and the depth of gameplay is just incredible. I’m going to blame it on my kidneys briefly giving up the ghost during the first half of an MK Dons football match at around the same time! Anyway, once I was out of hospital a week later, and in the brief (usually very late night) moments that my son wasn’t plugged into FIFA or Madden or Fortnite on his Xbox, I was very quickly being reeled in by what started as the obviously best occult pinball action game I’d ever played, then maybe the best pinball game I’d ever played, and then just one of my favourite games of all time! It left Game Pass long before I’d got my own Xbox Series X, but its appearance on Switch had already given me unlimited access, and 14 months later as I write, it’s still often the last thing I do before I go to bed at night!ĭemon’s Tilt is turbo-charged pinball and then some, with its demonic ritual-driven story spanning three intense screens, multiple hidden bonus rooms and special modes. In The Bank! Have $1,000,000 in the bank.Despite my being there day one, I was a little slow on the uptake when Demon’s Tilt appeared on Xbox Game Pass at the end of 2019. Job-a-holic! Reach max level in all jobs. Cat Scratch Fever Reach Lover level with Quill. Edible Underwear Reach Lover level with Bonnibel. Tsundere Tamer Reach Lover level with Cassie. Sexy Inner Peace Reach Lover level with Karma. Heart of Darkness Reach Lover level with Dark One. The Final Choice Reach Lover level with QPernikiss. Amor Vincit Omnia Reach Lover level with Fumi. ![]() An Album Cover Reach Lover level with Alpha. getting the high score will be no sweat! Achievement Cheat Codes Achievement How to unlock Forever And Ever Reach Lover level with Ayano. Each code has a unique ability that you can use to your advantage in the game. ![]() Crush Crush Cheat Codes ListĪccomplishing in-game achievements in Crush Crush can be difficult, but with cheat codes it’s a piece of cake! Try these codes to unlock special achievements: CCNA, EESH, and YKM. The process of hacking Crush Crush using Cheat Engine is relatively straightforward, and we explain it above. Players looking to get free diamonds within Crush Crush should use the hacking tool Cheat Engine this software makes to possible for you to modify the game’s code and change certain values, such as the number of diamonds you have. How Do You Get Free Diamonds on Crush Crush? Disclaimer: ONLY supports the Steam version of Crush Crush that’s SFW. At no time are we suggesting or relating any of this content to any other version of the game, especially if it is NSFW. Building a solid foundation in sight word recognition that serves as a foundation for more advanced reading skills ensures that students receive targeted support when their instruction is tailored to their individual needs. ![]() Teachers who are patient recognize that improvement may be gradual and they take pride in even the smallest successes. While some students might pick up sight words quickly, others might need more time and practice. Personalized instruction takes into account the fact that each student learns at their own rate. When teaching sight words or any other reading skill, patience is a virtue. Value of patience and personalized instruction An engaging environment incorporates hands-on activities, multimedia resources, and group projects that make learning enjoyable and applicable to student's daily lives, improving their ability to remember sight words and read fluently as a whole. Students are more likely to actively participate and take risks in their learning when they feel safe, respected, and valued in the classroom.įostering a positive environment also promotes a growth mindset, in which students have faith in their capacity to learn and face obstacles. Students' motivation and academic results are greatly influenced by a supportive and interesting learning environment. In order to effectively scaffold students' reading skills and provide them with exposure to words that are developmentally appropriate, this assessment provides a baseline from which progress can be measured. Assessing students' current sight word knowledgeĪssessing a student's sight word proficiency enables teachers to spot gaps in their students' reading abilities and choose the best place to begin instruction. It also includes sentence fluency assessments for. This freebie contains the following assessment sheets for the Dolch Word Lists: Pre-Primer. This assessment uses the Dolch list for high-frequency sight words, Second Grade level, and includes space next to each word to record miscues. I hope these assessment help make your weekly/monthly sight word assessments a little smoother. Sight words are high-frequency words that are difficult to phonetically pronounce but frequently appear in written text. UPDATED Includes student word lists Take formative and summative assessments of your students sight word knowledge easily and efficiently with these pre-made assessment forms. Understanding students' literacy development and adjusting instruction to meet their unique needs requires first assessing students' current sight word knowledge. In addition to the 220 “service words”, Dolch also put together a list of 95 common nouns which appeared most frequently in children’s books at the time.What Teachers Need to Prepare to Teach Sight Words for 4th Graders? The Dolch words are helpful for adults learning English as an additional language as well as for children and adults learning to read. Learning to spell them all may take longer. The list is divided into grade levels, but most schools expect children to master reading all the words in the Dolch word list by the end of first grade. Even the decodable words should be mastered for instant recall. ![]() He had researched children’s books to determine which words were most frequently used.ĭolch believed that learning his list of 220 “service words” would speed the development of reading fluency in children learning to read.Īlthough some of the words in the Dolch word list can be sounded out using phonic knowledge, many cannot and have to be memorised as “sight words”. What are Dolch words?Įdward William Dolch, PhD, published the Dolch word list in his book “Problems in Reading” in 1948. These games have been developed for different Dolch word lists so that even beginners can have fun while they learn. ![]() The first activities we have developed are a set of memory games where you have to read a word and match it to the spoken word. Welcome to Dolch Word where you will find lots of free online games, flashcards and printables to help you learn the Dolch sight words. Load Lock Bars utilize a handle mechanism that helps to lock the load lock bars into place without the risk of the bars coming undone during transit. We look forward to helping you with all of your cargo securement application needs! Our team would be happy to assist you with answering any questions you may have or help provide you with recommendations for the applications you are securing. Odds are if we don’t have the perfect cargo bar, we can make the perfect bar in-house for an additional price. If you have any questions regarding any of our cargo bars or any of our other products in our online store give our experts a call at 80 or by using our online contact us form located at the top of the website. We supply several different cargo bars to the professional shipping industry such as Load Lock Bars, Jack Bars, Steel Load Locks, Pickup Truck Cargo Bars, Decking Beams, E Track Rail Systems, and Ratcheting Cargo Bars to name a few. ![]() Part of the large success behind our cargo bars is due to our load lock mechanism design that provides an easy adjustment to fit in your securement location in the back of a pickup truck bed, dry van tractor-trailer, station wagon, or moving van. Some competitor companies will often attempt to lower costs by using cheaper made paddle mechanisms or jack mechanisms, all of our cargo bars are made out of strong high-quality steel that makes these bars durable. Although load shifts may not cause damage during every move reducing the chance of it happening can cause you a great amount of peace of mind.Īll of our cargo bars are made out of strong and durable steel that helps to make these cargo bars extremely long-lasting and trustworthy when securing your cargo matters the most. Loose products can easily fall out of the back of a dry van trailer and can cause a potentially dangerous situation for the driver opening the door as well as an upset customer from damaged cargo. One thing that cargo bars provide cargo is stability and plays a part in preventing accidents by securing and stabilizing loads that are stacked or may have come loose during a sharp turn, sudden brake, or sudden lane change. ![]() One of the many benefits of using cargo bars is the ability to help prevent load shifts during transit, able to quickly secure within a matter of seconds, and lock into place to ensure the cargo remains in place throughout the entire move. Allowing more available space for cargo securement in the trailer can result in fewer trips that otherwise would require more fuel and more risk for error to happen to the customer’s cargo. Cargo Bars work by locking into place during transport to keep cargo secured in place to create more available space inside of moving vans and dry vans. ![]() Cargo Bars are known around the professional trucking industry and cargo securement industry as Load Lock Bars, Pickup Truck Bars, Steel Load Lock Bars, and Load Distribution Bars. The exiled Belarusian opposition leader, Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, told reporters on Friday that she has not heard from her jailed husband for a year and described the lack of communication as “a form of torture.” The US embassy in Moscow issued an alert on Thursday to citizens, telling them to avoid crowds and be aware of their surroundings given reports that extremists have “imminent plans” to target gatherings in the Russian capital. The British defence secretary, Grant Shapps, said he’s in the Ukrainian capital “to raise the alarm.” He added: “What would it say, if we allow a democratic country to be taken over by a dictator like Putin? What would it say about our values of freedom and democracy?… Let’s make sure Ukraine wins this war.”Īndriy Yermak, head of Zelenskiy’s office, met with a delegation headed by Li Hui, the Chinese government’s special representative for Eurasian affairs. Petr Fiala, the Czech prime minister, said that an initiative led by his country to buy ammunition for Ukraine has already raised “enough money to buy the first batch of 300,000 artillery shells.” ![]() He thanked Erdoğan “and all Turkish and Ukrainian defence companies for their partnership and for working together to bring peace closer and make it a lasting one.” Volodymyr Zelenskiy, the Ukrainian president, arrived in Turkey for a meeting with the country’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Ukraine’s defence ministry said that “overnight, Ukrainian air defenders shot down 33 our of 37 Russian ‘Shahed’ UAVs.” Vyacheslav Gladkov, the governor of Russia’s Belgorod region, said that two people were killed in Ukrainian drone attacks. Oleg Sinegubov, head of the Kharkiv regional military administration, said that three people have been killed in the region. So, give your students a head start on developing important academic and life skills by teaching them how to read a map in your geography, social studies, or history classes.Two people have been killed and 26 injured in a Russian missile attack on the northern city of Sumy on Thursday, the regional administration said.
![]() Some of the primary devices or appliances in your home or business that may be causing interference are: TIP: There are two key offenders that are likely to cause interference or dead zones in the average home or business: Building Materials and Other Devices. ![]() First things first, try placing your router in a centralized location in your home or business, limiting obstructions by keeping it off the floor and above furniture. Since a wireless signal can only travel so far, the distance to the location of your router in your home or business is a crucial factor to the performance of your wireless range, and therefore your security camera. By doing this you can see immediate feedback on the bandwidth usage and which areas of your home or business you should focus on. TIP: If you are using a multiple camera system, we recommend adding one camera at a time.
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